Extraterrestrial Intelligence Research: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications

This document is a transcript of hearings held on September 19 and 20, 1978, by the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications regarding 'Extraterrestrial Intelligence Research.' The hearings were convened to review the scientific rationale for a proposed NASA program to search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), following the decision by the House and Senate Appropriations Committee not to provide funding for the program in fiscal year 1979. The subcommittee, chaired by Hon. Don Fuqua, heard testimony from a panel of distinguished scientists, including Dr. Richard Berendzen, Dr. Philip Morrison, Dr. Noel Hinners, Dr. George C. Pimentel, Dr. A. G. W. Cameron, David S. Heeschen, and Bernard M. Oliver. The witnesses provided a comprehensive overview of the scientific basis for SETI, arguing that the search for intelligent life beyond Earth is a legitimate and important scientific pursuit. They discussed the history of such searches, noting that previous efforts, such as Project Ozma, were 'pioneer' phases characterized by limited resources and sporadic, uncoordinated attempts. The witnesses emphasized that modern technology, particularly the rise of digital computing and advanced radio astronomy, now allows for a more systematic and professional approach. A central theme of the testimony was the distinction between science fact and science fiction. The witnesses stressed that SETI is a sober, scientific endeavor aimed at analyzing the radio frequency spectrum for evidence of intelligent transmissions. They addressed concerns regarding the cost and potential 'wastefulness' of the program, arguing that the investment—estimated at approximately one cent per U.S. citizen per year—is modest compared to the potential scientific and societal benefits. The witnesses also discussed the 'needle in the haystack' problem, noting that while the probability of success is unknown, the search itself is a necessary step in understanding our place in the universe. They advocated for a 'mixed strategy' that includes both broad-frequency surveys and targeted searches of nearby stars. The hearings also touched upon the broader context of 'biocosmology,' which encompasses research into the origin of life, the prevalence of planetary systems, and the evolution of intelligence. The witnesses argued that SETI is an intrinsic part of this broader scientific endeavor. Throughout the hearings, the subcommittee members expressed support for the scientific merit of the research while acknowledging the political challenges of securing funding in an era of fiscal constraint. The witnesses urged the subcommittee to view SETI as a long-term commitment rather than a short-term project, emphasizing that the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a fundamental human quest that should not be abandoned due to the lack of immediate, positive results.