Quantum Computing and Utilizing Organic Molecules in Automation Technology

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 10 December 2010, provides an assessment of emerging computing technologies—specifically quantum computing and DNA-based molecular computing—and their potential applications for future space travel. The document highlights that current silicon-based computing hardware is ill-suited for space environments due to radiation sensitivity and the need for significant shielding, which adds weight and complexity to spacecraft. To overcome these limitations, the report explores non-traditional computing architectures that could provide robust, radiation-hardened, and miniaturized processing capabilities.

The report is divided into two primary technical sections. The first section examines quantum computing, detailing the challenges of decoherence and the necessity of the 'closed box' requirement for fault tolerance. It discusses various approaches to quantum bits (qubits), including ion traps, photon technologies, and specifically, the use of graphene quantum dots. The author notes that graphene is an ideal candidate for spin-based quantum computing due to its low intrinsic spin-orbit coupling and sparse nuclear spins. The document suggests that hybrid systems, utilizing arrays of quantum dots and photon communication channels, are likely to be the most viable path for space-based supercomputing on a 40-year timescale, as these systems can operate at attainable temperatures without the need for heavy cryogenic cooling.

The second section focuses on DNA-based designs for molecular computers. It outlines the fundamental principles of DNA as a building material, including base-pairing and self-assembly techniques. The document describes how DNA can be programmed to form complex nanostructures, logic gates, and even autonomous molecular 'robots' or nanomotors. These DNA-based systems are highlighted for their potential to perform simple distributed sensor data analyses and their unique ability to self-repair, which is a critical advantage for long-duration space missions where cosmic radiation may damage nanoscale components. The report concludes that while these technologies are currently in developmental stages, they represent a significant shift in computing paradigms that will eventually augment or replace general-purpose computers in mission-critical space applications.