Sagdeyev Discusses Space Missions, Policy, Mars Plans

This document is a transcript of an interview with Academician Roald Zinnurovich Sagdeyev, a prominent Soviet scientist and head of the USSR Academy of Sciences' Space Research Institute, conducted by a correspondent from the magazine PRIRODA. The interview covers a broad range of topics concerning the Soviet space program in 1989. Sagdeyev discusses the evolution of space research, emphasizing the shift from competition to international cooperation. He highlights the Phobos project, noting both its scientific goals and the technical difficulties encountered, including the loss of contact with the Phobos 1 probe in September 1988. Sagdeyev advocates for the democratization of scientific institutions, arguing that Soviet science suffered during the 'stagnant years' due to bureaucratic control and a lack of competitiveness. He calls for greater autonomy for research laboratories and the implementation of competitive financing to foster innovation. The interview also touches upon the future of space exploration, specifically missions to Mars, the potential for joint Soviet-American missions, and the importance of mathematical modeling in modern space research. Sagdeyev reflects on the historical context of the space race, noting that while the USSR and USA were once rivals, the current climate necessitates shared efforts to address global challenges. He expresses frustration with the 'secretiveness' that has historically hampered scientific progress and calls for a more open, transparent approach to research. Throughout the interview, Sagdeyev maintains a critical yet optimistic view of the future, suggesting that the integration of glasnost and democracy into the scientific community is essential for the advancement of Soviet technology and its standing in the global scientific arena.