Related Subjects: Bibliography L Y N N E . CATO E L ib rary o f C o n g re ss Air Force Office of Scientific Research Office of Aerospace Research * USAF UFOs and Related Subjects: An Annotated Bibliography Lynn E. Catoe Prepared by the Library of Congress Science and Technology Division Air Force Office of Scientific Research Office of Aerospace Research, USAF Arlington, Virginia 22209 AFOSR project orders 67-0002 and 68-0003 Library of Congress Card Catalog No. 68-62196 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1969 F or Sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office F O R E W O R D T h e su b ject of unidentified flyin g o b je cts is a popu lar phenom enon of the p erio d fro m 19 4 7 , evokin g w id e sp re a d sp ecu latio n , and produ cin g a lite ra tu re of g re a t v a rie ty and sco p e. T h is body of lite ra tu re and docum entation is so u rce m a te ria l fo r r e a d e r s se e k in g better u n derstan ding of th is q u estion , w hich h as in vo lved the U .S . A ir F o rc e a s w e ll a s o th er o ffic ia l gro u p s. T h is is b elieved to be the m ost co m p reh en sive b ib liograp h y pu b lish ed to date on the su b je ct, and in clu d es the e x ten sive U F O co llectio n of the L ib r a r y of C o n g re s s , a s w e ll a s re la te d m a te ria l u sefu l in u n derstan ding the natu re of the question. Th e b ib liograp h y w a s produ ced by the L ib r a r y 's D ivisio n of S c ie n c e and T ech n o logy with support p ro vid ed by the A ir F o r c e O ffice of S c ie n tific R e s e a rc h , a unit of the O ffice of A e ro sp a c e R e s e a rc h , the re s e a r c h agen cy o f the U .S . A i r F o r c e . Th e b ib lio g rap h er is M is s Lyn n E . C a to e , who a lso co lle cte d the books, jo u rn a l a r tic le s , p am p h lets, co n feren ce p ro ce e d in g s, ta p e s, o rig in a l m a n u sc rip ts, and other m a te ria l liste d h e re , a total of m o re than 1,6 0 0 ite m s. T h is lite ra tu re s u r v e y w a s req u ested by A F O S R to a s s is t a sc ie n tific r e s e a r c h p ro je ct at the U n iv e rsity of C o lo rad o under the d irectio n of D r. E d w a rd U . Condon on unidentified fly in g o b je cts. T h e r e s e a r c h began 1 N o vem b er 19 6 6 , and has been c a r r ie d out w ith support p ro vid ed by A F O S R at the d irectio n of the S e c r e ta r y of the A ir F o rc e under co n tra ct F 4 4 6 2 0 -6 7 -C -0 0 3 5 . T h e p rep a ra tio n of the b ib lio g ra p h y w a s M a te r ia l c o lle c te d by the L ib r a r y of C o n g re ss and cited in th is b ib lio g ra p h y w a s m ad e a v a ila b le in its e n tire ty , w ith the excep tion of the addenda, to the U n iv e rsity of C o lo ra d o p ro je c t in the fo rm of m ic r o film . T h e b ib lio g ra p h y its e lf w a s p ro vid ed the u n iv e rs ity in c a r d fo rm . W h ile m uch of th is m a te ria l is p ro te cte d by co p y rig h t, photo co p ie s of so m e ite m s a r e a v a ila b le fo r s a le to the p u b lic. In q u irie s on th e ir p u rch a se m ay be d ire c te d to the L ib r a r y of C o n g r e s s , P hotoduplication S e r v ic e , W ash in gton , In k eep in g w ith its p o lic y of m ak in g w id e ly a v a ila b le the r e s u lts of p ro je c ts it su p p o rts, A F O S R h as un dertaken pu b lication of the b ib lio g ra p h y, and its exp ected sa le through the Su perintenden t of D ocu m en ts of the U .S . G o vern m en t P rin tin g O ffice . T h is p u b licatio n in no w a y co n stitu tes an en d orsem en t by the D ep artm en t of the A ir F o r c e of an y m a te ria l c ite d , o r of any v ie w s e x p re sse d in any of the m a te ria l. R e sp o n sib ility fo r e d ito ria l content re m a in s that of the b ib lio g ra p h e r. In q u iries on th is p u b licatio n m ay be d ire cte d to the S ta ff In fo rm ation O ffic e r , A F O S R , A rlin g to n , C a rto o n s h ave developed a s a d istin ct a r t fo rm re fle c tin g pub lic opinions of our tim e . A p p re cia tio n is e x p r e s s e d h e re to the a r t is ts who h ave p e rm itte d the u se of th e ir w o rk , and to th e ir p u b licatio n s holding co p yrig h t. A F O S R w a s fortu n ate to a v a il its e lf of the r e s o u r c e s of the S c ie n c e and Tech n o logy D iv isio n , and e s p e c ia lly the d ed icated and h igh ly sk illfu l s e r v ic e s of M is s C ato e. The m a te ria l she d evelo ped w ill a s s is t th ose seek in g to u n d erstan d not only th ese and re la te d phenom ena but a ls o th e ir v a rio u s im p lica tio n s fo r a w ide ran ge of in q u iry. P R E F A C E T h is b ib liograp h y w ill in d icate to m an y that the su b je ct of unidentified flyin g o b je cts is fa r b ro ad er and m o re co m p licated than has been reco g n ized by the ad h eren ts to any one th eo ry o r solu tion. T h e re a re deep h isto ric a l ro o ts, in vo lved s o c ia l and p sy ch o lo g ica l im p lica tio n s, and a com p lex o verlap p in g of m any d isp a ra te su b je ct fie ld s. It w ould se e m that the w hole m ust be studied to u n derstan d the sig n ific a n ce of the p a r ts , and the phenom enon w ould seem to be m ultiple in c a s e and d iffu se in so u rce . T h e re is no sim p le , sin g le explanation of the U F O phenom enon that can be ap plied to a ll c a s e s d e sc rib e d in the lite ra tu re . In h is to r ic a l p e rsp e c tiv e , U FO lite ra tu re , e sp e c ia lly du rin g the la s t two d e ca d e s, in d icates a pattern of b rie f but volum inous " w a v e s ." T h e se a r e m ade up of books, m agazin e a r t ic le s and n ew sp ap er s to r ie s devoted to d etailed d e scrip tio n s of u n identified flyin g o b je cts, includin g c o n tro v e rsia l accou n ts of people who cla im to have had d ire ct p e rso n a l e x p e rie n ce w ith th ese o b je cts and th eir o ccu p an ts. E a ch new w a v e of lite ra tu re is a r e d is c o v e ry of an old su b je ct, fo r the ta le s of m a rv e lo u s fly in g m ach in es piloted by u n earth ly bein gs can b e tra c e d even beyond th eir m ention in the ancient Hindu s c r ip tu r e s . A ls o , it should be noted that the fo lk lo re and m ythology of m any co u n tries and the legen d s of m an y a b o rig in a l trib e s se e m to be in te g r a lly re la te d --if not co m p letely bound --to the b e lie f that th is p la n e t's s k ie s a re o ccu p ied , p erh a p s even populated, by en tities su p e rio r to m an. T h ousan ds of books and pam ph lets on the U F O phenom enon have a p p e a re d , o ffe rin g a w ide ran ge of sp ecu latio n and explanation. Som e of th ese w o rk s w e re fir s t p u b lish ed in the 19th ce n tu ry. A n a p p re cia b le w a ve of "fly in g s a u c e r " lite ra tu re a p p ea red in the, 1 9 2 0 's , sim u lta n eo u sly w ith a stro n o m e rs' gro w in g in te re st in other p la n ets. T h e m o st p o pu lar th e sis h as a lw a y s been that the U F O s and th eir o ccu p an ts a re v is ito r s fro m another plan et o r fro m a d istan t s ta r sy s te m . H o w e ve r, in 1818, so m e in d ivid u als b ecam e con vin ced that the earth is hollow and that an other and a lien r a c e o ccu p ie s its in te rio r. Sin ce 19 4 4 , m uch m a te ria l h as been p u b lish ed to support th is "in n e r e a rth " th eo ry and the h yp o th esis that U F O s o rig in a te th ere. A la r g e p a rt of the a v a ila b le U F O lite ra tu re is c lo s e ly linked w ith m y s tic is m and the m e ta p h y sica l. It d e a ls w ith su b je c ts lik e m en tal telep ath y, autom atic w ritin g , and in v isib le en tities a s w e ll a s phenom ena lik e p o lte rg e ist m an ifesta tio n s and " p o s s e s s io n ." O ne sch o o l of thought holds that flyin g s a u c e r s a re B ib lic a l "s ig n s in the s k y " that porten d the Seco n d C o m in g. A n o th er b e lie v e s that an in v isib le fo u rth - o r o th e r-d im e n sio n a l w o rld is in vo lved . Som e grou p s have con cluded that m ankind is b ein g, and m a y h ave a lw a y s been , m an ipulated by e x tr a te r r e s tr ia l fo r c e s - - the U F O o ccu p a n ts. O th e rs d e ta il the e n d less b attle betw een "g o o d " and " e v i l " b e lie vin g that the U F O s p la y an in te g ra l p a rt in th is " w a r . " U n ea rth ly "p o lic e fo r c e s " a re d e sc rib e d and exp lain ed . M an y of the U F O re p o rts now b ein g p u b lish ed in the po pu lar p r e s s reco u n t a lle g e d in cid en ts that a r e strik in g ly s im ila r to dem on iac p o sse ssio n and p sy c h ic phenom ena w hich h ave long been known to th eologian s and p a ra p s y c h o lo g is ts. T h e r e fo r e , re fe r e n c e s to th e se su b je c ts h ave been in clu d ed a s w e ll a s re fe r e n c e s to o ccu lt w o rk s w h ich h ave s im ila r itie s to the g e n e ra l tone and content of the U F O lite ra tu re . A m a jo r o b je ctiv e o f th is b ib lio g ra p h y w a s to ga th er m a te ria l fro m the p h y sic a l s c ie n c e s w h ich re la te d to the U F O phenom enon. T h e r e s u lts of th is in ten sive effo rt w e r e a co lle ctio n of a r t ic le s w h ich a p p e a re d in sc ie n tific and te ch n ica l jo u rn a ls. So m e d isc u sse d U F O s in g e n e ra l te rm s in ligh t of the lim ita tio n s of p re se n t p h y sic a l th e o rie s, and o th e rs e x p lo re p e rip h e ra l a r e a s , su ch a s b a ll ligh tn in g and in te rs te lla r tr a v e l, w h ich re la te to c e rta in th e o rie s re g a rd in g U F O s. A d m itted ly the nu m b er of su ch "h a r d s c ie n c e " re fe r e n c e s is s m a ll, but they fill an im p ortan t p la c e in th is co lle ctio n . F o r h is v e r y u se fu l con trib u tion , the sectio n on m ir a g e s , I w ish to thank L t . C o l. D an iel H . L u fk in , U S A F , C h ie f of the A e r o s p a c e S c ie n c e s D iv isio n of the E n viro n m e n ta l T e c h n ic a l A p p lica tio n s C e n te r, M ilita r y A ir lift C om m an d , U.S. A ir F o r c e . T h e r e fe r e n c e s a r e the b e st tre a tm e n ts, th e o re tica l and p r a c tic a l, of th is c la s s ic a l su b je ct. B e ca u se of its s p e c ia l n a tu re , I h ave in co rp o ra te d h is b ib lio g rap h y s e p a ra te ly a s appen dix 1 . T h e se ite m s a r e not in cluded in the author in d ex, n or a r e o th e rs in the addenda. T h is tw o -y e a r s u r v e y of the gro w in g U F O lite ra tu re r e v e a ls m an y p u b licatio n s that a r e the re s u lt of p ain stak in g r e s e a r c h , ye t in its e n tire ty , co n tra d ictio n s a r e fa r m o re com m on than c o n siste n c ie s. It is a lso n otew orth y that points of v ie w a r e taken up by fa c tio n s, each o f w h ich se e m s con vin ced that its a n sw e r to the U F O rid d le is the righ t one and the o n ly one. I have sought to include ite m s of s c h o la rly in te re st and intent, and to m ake the b ib lio g rap h y a s u sefu l a s p o ssib le fo r both sc h o la rs and g e n e ra l r e a d e r s in te re ste d in the su b je ct. T h e p rin cip a l d ifficu ltie s in a ch ievin g co m p leten ess a r e the g re a t volu m e of U F O and U F O -r e la te d lite ra tu re , and the fact that m uch of it is p riv a te ly pub lished and o f lim ited distrib u tion . S c ie n tific th eo ry of today often b eco m es fact to m o rro w . T h e lin e betw een the p o ssib le and the im p o ssib le is a r b itr a r y . M any m isco n cep tio n s p a ss fo r in fo rm atio n . One d a y, p erh a p s w ithin our tim e , out of a ll the co n trad ictio n s su rro u n d in g the U F O phenom enon, m an m ay d isc o v e r to h is com plete sa tisfa ctio n its e x a ct n atu re and o rig in . L Y N N E . C A T O E A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S M uch of the "fly in g s a u c e r " lite ra tu re of the p a st tw en ty y e a r s w a s p riv a te ly prin ted and p o o rly d istrib u ted and w ould have q u ick ly and p erm an en tly d isa p p e are d if it had not been c a r e fu lly p re s e r v e d b y in d ividu al c o lle c to r s and students of the phenom enon. T h is b ib lio grap h y cou ld not have been com p iled w ithout the fu ll and s e lfle s s cooperation of such c o lle c to rs throughout the w o rld . M an y of th ese people gave m o st fr e e ly of th eir tim e , and th eir a s s is ta n c e and en th usiasm w a s of in e stim a b le valu e. I am p a rtic u la rly g ra te fu l to the follow in g in d ivid u als who lo cated r a r e ite m s o r , in so m e c a s e s , even lent th eir en tire co lle ctio n s to th is p ro je c t fo r copyin g. O th ers p a in stak in gly su pplied inform ation w hich m ade it p o ssib le to lo ca te o b scu re ite m s , and o ffered p r a c tic a l su g gestio n s and lis ts of books w hich they felt should be inclu d ed . Ja n A ld ric h H ulvio B ra n t A le ix o H em an i E b eck en de A ra u jo G r a y B a rk e r W illia m Don B a rn e s L io n e l B e e r Otto O. B in d er T e d B lo e ch e r C h a r le s Bow en E ile e n L . B uckle E d w ard o B u elta C . M a x w e ll C ad e R o b ert J . C h ild erh o u se L e o n a rd G . C ra m p Gordon C reigh ton Leon D avidson Isa b e l D a v is W . R aym ond D rak e H. C . D udley Gene D u plan tier L u c iu s F a r is h Z in d e rm a n s F o rla g R ene F o u e re W o lfra m F r a g n e r Stanton T . F ried m an O s c a r A . G alin dez R ich a rd C . G e rd e s G a b rie l G reen R ich a rd H all C a r o l H a lfo rd -W atk in s Ja m e s A . H a rd e r R ene J . H a rd y Jo an n a H u gill P h ilip p Hum an J . A llen H ynek G eo rge Isu is Su sh il K . Ja in E b b e Jo h a n sso n K u rt K auffm ann A le k sa n d r K a z a n tse v L a r s K im -N ick la so n Jo h n A . K e e l E liza b e th K la r e r Eu gen e B . K o n ecci Kenneth L a r s o n Ju n e L a r s o n L . G e ra ld L a u fe r Jo h n D . L le w e lly n E r n e s t L in d e r L . Ja m e s L o re n z e n W a lte r F . Lu n a Sven M agn u sso n M a rio M aio li Ja m e s E . M cD on ald D onald H. M en zel A im e M ich el M od ern S p a ce F ligh t A sso cia tio n Ja m e s W . M o s e ly S te w a rt N ixon P e te r E . N o r r is H erm ann O berth F ra n k P e d e rse n R ob erto Pinotti H ecto r Q uintan illa K . G o sta Rehn P h ilip R o d g e rs M a r y F . R o m ig M a r g a re t R o se F ran k B . S a lis b u ry Ivan T . San d erso n P h ilip S e ff G ianni Settim o B en jam in Sim on E d g a r Sim o n s L e o Sp rin k le F r e d P . Stone Iv y Sutton E g e rto n S y k e s H ow ard T im m in s B r in s le y L e P o e r T re n ch M . R . V e illith M . Je a n V u illeq u ez Jo se p h A . W ebb W illia m B . W e itz e l A lic e K . W e lls P a u l J . W illis Lo u Z in ssta g D eep ap p recia tio n is e x p re sse d to A rth u r G . R e n stro m , H ead of the A e ro n a u tics Se ctio n , S c ie n c e and T ech n o lo g y D iv isio n , L ib r a r y of C o n g re s s , who g e n e ro u sly a s s is te d prod u ction of th is volu m e in su ch m a tte rs a s r e s e a r c h , tra n sla tio n s and p re p a ra tio n o f the m an u scrip t. L Y N N E . C A T O E C O N T E N T S U niden tified F ly in g O b jects G e n e ra l R e fe re n c e s B ooks and P am p h lets P e rio d ic a l A r tic le s19 A b ductions A ir F o rc e A n cien t R e co rd s A n g e l H air B a s e s54 C a rto o n s, books of C e n so rsh ip C e n tra l In telligen ce A g e n cy C on tact C la im s D e te cto rs E le ctro m a g n e tic E ffe c ts L an d in gs M en in B lack N e w s M anagem ent O ccu pan ts O rigin and N a tu re O rthoteny P e rce p tio n P e rso n a litie s P h otograp h s P ro p u lsio n P s y c h ic A s p e c ts R adiation E ffe c ts R e se a rc h Sed u ction s Sigh tin gs Statem en ts U n iv e rsity of C o lo rad o Study M isce lla n e o u s B ib lio gra p h y O rig in of L ife E vo lu tio n S o la r Sy ste m G e n e ra l R e fe re n c e s2 3 3 E x t r a t e r r e s t r ia l L ife G e n e ra l R e fe re n c e s2 5 5 C om m un ication Im p lica tio n s280 In telligen ce28 2 P h ilo so p h y E x t r a t e r r e s t r ia l V is ito r s B a ll Ligh tn in g and F ir e b a lls D is c -lik e A ir c r a ft3 1 8 U n iden tified Su b m arin e O b jects3 2 2 F o rte a n Phenom ena3 2 5 U F O s and R eligio n U F O s and T im e G r a v ity and A n ti-g r a v ity H ollow E a rth T h e o ry D isa p p e a ra n ce s R ela ted Su b je cts G e n e ra l R e fe re n c e s A tla n tis and L e m u ria M ira c le at F a tim a3 5 1 P o lte r g e is ts P ro p h e sie s3 5 3 T elep o rta tio n T u n gu ska M eteo rite3 5 6 S e le cte d F ictio n 360 A p p en d ices M ira g e s 3 7 4 Addenda 3 7 7 A u thor Index 3 8 3 C arto o n s "W e ll, is n 't th ere any other a g en cy that w e can con tact that D O E S b e lie v e in u s ? " 39 3 " E a r t h 's su rfa c e tem p era tu re is