1. DATE TIME 'PWOU' 2. LOCATION 31 October 64 (01 Nov) Fosterdale Ne\'1 York 10. CONCLUSION DJ3J FFICIETr DA.TA FOR EVALUA TIOII . ., _.See Photo analysis. Unable to deterNine on limited data pres~11 od. 4. NUMIER 011 OIJICTI Pr.i.nt, shows light track against nijlt background. Could be star., Three Prints satellite, a/c., etc. TYro of the photos apr;ear to be t i.r.ted ~I .. pol;W"e 5. LENGTH 011 OIII.YATION 11. lit 'IUMMA.Y AND ANALYSIS Photos Hot Reported 6. TYPE 011 OISIItYATION Gn:nmd-Visu al 9. PHYSICAL EYIDINCI FTD SE~ 6l 0-329 (TDE) s::g CASE li!LE Pll& .. e 4atllae el INI II!L - M \.Hl CtP.SSIFlED Uil(i.lSSIFIED 0 R F l fi T r r .'icrENcf. NEws LEITER /or Octokr 24, 1964 Two planets, Jupiter and Saturn, brighten the Novem- ber evening skies, while later in the night two others appear, Mars soon after midnight and Venus iust before dawn. By JAMES STOKLEY ~ IF YOU LOOK toward the eastern sky on an evening in November-and think that you see many prominent stars it iJ because a region srudded with brilliant orbs is now into view. And now its brilliance is enhanced by the presence of a very bright planet~ne of two visible these late aurumn This is the part of the sky that is so glorious in the south on evenings of mid- winter. The accompanying maps show how the sky looks about 10:00 p.m., your own kind of standard time, on Nov. I; an hour earlier at the middle of the month and two hours earlier at the end. Brightest of all is the pia net Jupiter, close to the border between the constellations of Aries, the ram, and taurus, the bull. Jupiter in the southeast, and now of magni- tude minus 2.4 on the astronomer's scale of star brightness. O n Nov. 1.3 the c:arth and Jupiter will be in the same direction from sun and closest-only 372.5 million miles Jupit.r Below Taurus Just below Jupiter is T aurus, with the ht and reddish star Aldebaran. This is first magnirude, which putJ it among the most brilliant st:Jrs, even thotJgh it i~ about :t 20th as bright Cis Jupiter. Part of Taunts extends to the left, onto the map oi the nonhero half of the sky. And just beyond is Auriga, the charioteer, with another first m.tgnitude star: Below Aldebaran is Orion, the warrior, not as prominent as the constellation will be on winter evenings because it is so near the horizon. Between the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel arc the three stars that form Orion's To the left (again on the northern sky map) are the twins, Gemini, but Pollux, tlu: bri~htest srar in this. constellation, is .tdl below th~ horizon at the times for these m aps arc drawn. in the south st1nds Saturn, the other of November evenings. At mid- it is nearly 900 million miles nwtty. 1\'o w in the co n-;tellation of Aquarius, the \\ atrr carrier, its magnitude is plus one. Hemisphere, it may be seen directly over- CyJDUS, the swan, shines brightly in the with Deneb at the top of the stars outline the "northern cross." Vega, in Lyra, the lyre, shines brightly below. Low in the west is Aquila. in the night two other planets ap- pear. Mars, distin~tly red, rises soon after midnight in Leo, the lion. Venus, even brighter than Jupiter, comes up in the east 4:00 a.m., some three hours a head of High in the south, our southern star map shows a figure marked "Great Square." of its stars are in the constellation of Pegasus, the winged horse, while Alpheratz, the upper right, is in Andromeda, the ch:.ained princess. Just below and to the of the square are the fishes, Pisces. The ancients, who pictured the figures the stars, represented the triangle of stars just below the square as one of the fishes, and a fainter group to the left of the square was the other. A ribbon tied them together by their tails. Acrually, Pisces is a very inconspicuous constellation, for its brightest star is magni- 3.9, nr about a 16th as bright as Aide- bar an. However, it is important because it lies in the zodiac, the wide path through which the sun, moon and planets seem to dwing the year. In addition to Pisces, of the constellations now visible, the zodiac contains Gemini, Taurus, Aries, Aquarius and Capricornus . The zodiac is a belt extending eight de- (about equal to the distance from Aldebaran to the star just above the letter U in -raurus") above and below a grear. circle across the sky called the ecliptic. This 1 is the line along which the sun seems to move slowly through the sky during the from west to cast. But really the ~arth moves around the sun and the ~liptic (so called because eclipses of the suo and moon occur along it) is the projection in the dis-, sky of the plane of the earth's orbit. As we revolve :uound the sun, we see it in a changing direction during a year. Celestial Equator Another important imaginary line in the, sky is the celestial equator, which is directly the earth's equator. It passes through Orion, Catus, Pisces, the northern part of: and Aquila, among other con- stellations. One of the two places where the ecliptic crosses the equator is in Pisces. It is called the vernal equinox, and it is the of the sun .Mar. 21, the usual be- ginning of spring in the Northern Hemi- (A small cross, marked 'VE,"' shows1 its position on our southern sky map.) 1 The vernal equinox is also important be- astronomers measure positions in the from it. Here on earth we give the just bdow A4uarius is the star called Fnm:tlhaur, :n Piscis -\ustrinus, the southern risJ1, .vhich is .. .t...tu.d I y 1) rirsr magnitude. I ike Re~ele~eu~. ics Jow alntude the consequent .&bsorption ot its light by earth's atmosphere cause considerable diminution in its brightness, therefore shown only as second magnitude. Fomalhaut is now nearly as high as it ever gets in the sky seen from much of the Northern Hemisphere. From the Southern SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS HOCHEMISTRY .FaHy Acids on Meteorites Need Not Mean Life ._. LIFE IN OUTER SPACE is not neces- lv the only reason for the straight-chain nvdrocarbon material and long-chain fatty . tcid:; that have been found oo c:ertun 'mc=teontes. Some scientists believe that the fatty acids ,nd stra.iahuhain hydrocarbons on certain ne teorices indicate life, since livina proc- :!sses are the only observed sources ~in nature of linear hydrocarbons. However, C. B. Johnson and A. T. Wil- on of Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, who have produced in a labora- ory just the same sort of straight-chain :1} d rocarboos, believe there exists in free p:t-:e a non-biological way of producing rlte sc hydrocarbons. c::ir method involves ..:rowding the ch:tins of hydrocarbon molecules onto a urface so that only the ends are exposed to hemical reactions. Methyl radicals attach th~msclves to the ends of the chains. This ,-..av there can be no ' branching-off," and straight molecular chains develop. T he researchers reported their findings Science New Letter, 86:265 Octow 24, 1964 (JCEANOOUPMY Mesoscaph Sub Seeks Gulf Stream Mysteries ~ THE ROLLS ROYCE of the sea, the: -.tnooth-lined mesoscaph submarine designed :)y Dr. Jacques Piccard, mav ~oon be son- n ing the Gulf Stream in an d fort to fathom t~ mystenes. improved methods for keeping the 93.5-foot ship steady at constant depths and \\ ith greater maneuverability than conven- riunal submarines or deep-diving bathy- ... c:lphs, the mesoscaph has been proving its (;tpabilities this summer at the Swiss Na- '"ional Fair at Lausanne, Switzerland. Vorking around the sea, "like a Grey- hound bus works on the highway," the .;ted -hulled meso1caph has been taking more ,~n 10,000 persons o n o;cenic underwater . _;.,;:<; this summer thrnu~h the murky waters of Lake Geneva, Dr. Piccard told .,cic:nrists at the National Science Founda- ti0n, \Vashington, D.C. MJnned by a crew of four, the ship can c.trry 40 passengerc;, e:~ch with :.111 individual plcxigla~s window and searchli~ht. ~..1med the " Auguste Piccard" in mem- ' 11 y r,[ his father, the me~:~caph is designed ''"' ,.,...., chstand a depth prro;c; r~ :ts low as ; ,oou teet, Dr. Piccard <i~id. Tltc:: mcsoecaph, named from Greek words meaning a ship that goes to medium depths, ccJultl be used to collect valuable data on t .:mpc:ratures, sea life, currents and light rays 1 n 1 he Gull Stream. A group of about six St;t~NC~ ws LETTR fu r Octob~r e-~. ~96J scientists could direct the ship to about a few hunJred feet below the surface, thc:n "stop everything .. an d just drift with the current, explained the Swiss scientist. "\Ve could sray iu this underwater labora- tory without having to come to the surface: for six to eight weeks," he said. The ship could drift with the great sea river known as the Gulf Stream and come up maybe across the Atlantic, maybe opposite New York, maybe only off Florida, he surmised. Dr. Piccard explained that oceanographers generally categorize the se:1s into about six different depth layers, the deepest of which 35,000 feet, constituting about two of the ocean. Dr. Piccard, with his &ther, helped design the bathyscaph Trieste which in 1960 made record-breaking descent to 35,800 feet in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean at depths of 8,000 feet is of interest to the Navy, Dr. Piccard said, and a depth of 2,500 feet is the beginning of day. light penetration. The level of 1,000 feet is the deepest for the continental shelves. Science News Letter, 86:265 October 24, 1964 Curb Cystic Fibrosis If Carriers Not Marry ~THE O NLY KNOWN WAY to prevent fibrosis in children is for carriers to avoid marriage, Dr. Guido Fanconi, pediatrician who discovered and named the disorder, told SerENe Suvtc E. test must be perfected for car- Dr. Franconi said in Bethesda, Md., and several researchers are at work on such test. A sweat test is used for cystic fibrosis but this does not work on carriers, who themselves do not have the disease. One in 20 persons is now believed to be a carrie-r, :tn d about one in 1,000 children, especially in civilized countries, is born with Dr. Frana>ni described cystic fibr~is in 1935 as a di~se causing cysts on the pan- ae:a~ a gland behind the stomach that secret~ insulin and is concerned with diges- tion. H owevrr, the disease affects name for the disease, mucovis- coido.us, covers the mucus-and-sweat-pro- ducing, as well as the salivary glands which exocrine glands. These glands secrete outwardly, as opposed to the endocrine glands, which secrete Abnormal composition and action of se- cretion~ from the exocrine ~lands cre:tte seriou! complications that :~ffect chic::rly rhc:: respirl tory and in testinal tracts, and th e ducts of the liver as well as the p~n creas. The fact that th~ sweat of cystic fihrosis patients is excessively sr:~lry makes it po,sible for phy~icians to differen ri:lte the clilie:tse from such ocher conditions :H chronic brn n- chitis, which it may resemble. !\.; :t kille r of chilclr~n under 15 vears ,,f :tge, t:y .. ric nnrosili nurnn!u pnlio, rhc:u- maric Eev.-r :tnd dia~ces. F..trly di:t~no-.is and tteaanenr have arended rhe lives of some patients into the 20s, however, and number of marriages have occurred be- them and normal, hellthy persono;. Science News Le"er, N t2'5 October 24, 1964 Satellite Tracker Keeps Sky Vigil ~ A 15-STORY-HIGH white dome located just off the New Jersey Turnpike contains an 84-foot radar "dish" that is the he:ICt of the only full-time satellite tracking sta tion in the United States. Originally, it was part of BMEWS, the Ballistic Missile Early \Yarning System, with installations at Thule, Greenland, and Yorkshire, England. Now, however, the dome is part of SPADATS, the Space Detection and Track- ing System. As part of SPADATS, the antenna keeps a close watch on all the man- objects in the sky, both Western and Russian, 24 houn a day. Data on the more than 470 satellites, working and otherwise, in the skies, are automatically sent SPADATS at Air Defense Command headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colo. An electronic computer knows what ob- jects are supposed to be in orbit and w~ere. a satellite's orbit change, this would be duly recorded in the SPADATS catalog. If a new object-unrecorded at the Space Track Cc:ntcr-is observed, the information be flashed to Colorado Springs for further intelligence checking. The antenna, sensitive enough to track a front door 3,000 miles away, has also been for a number of tasks outside of SPADATS. It has investigated determined the precise location of Venus, srudicd the ionosphere for future communications systems, and probed the tion of the "gravity-free" points known exist between planets. These areas could be collection points for the space debris left over from the wo rld's satellites. Science News Letter, 86:265 October 24, 1964 World Adopts New Standard of Time AN ATOMIC DEFINITION of the sec- replacing the astronomical delinition, was authorized at 1725 Paris time, October 8, by the 12th General Conference of \Veig hts and Measures meeting il} Paris. The International Committee on \Veights and Measures, acting for the conference. orarily based the definition of the international unit of time, the second, on inva riant tnnsicion of the cesium atom tn c:xpc::cr:tcion ni 1 more e:<acr derimcion in the: future. T he new definition r~places the definition :l second b.1c;ed on the ::mnull orbit of the c:trth :~round the ~un. The: ~ction taken incre:~sc:s the accuracy of time meamremcnts tc> a pJrt in one hun. tired billion, :tn ~ccuracv two hund red timc:s gre:Her than that formerly achieved by :t .. rmnom ic:tl me:t ns . The<;c:: mc=t'\llremc:nc'i, morc:ov~r, c:tn he a~curacd y cleterm tnc:U t n .l fc:w minutes, as compared to the many years required to. achieve an accuracy only one -hund redth as astronomical means. S<ince News Lettr, 86:265 October 24. 1964 position of a place by its l.citude; .,,td longi- tude. Latitude is measured in ~grc:es of (360 to the complete circle) north or south of the equator. Corresponding to it in the sky is declination, measured in degrees north or south from the celestial Longitude on earth is measured east or west of the meridan of Greenwich, which is the line extending &om pole to pole through Greenwich, England, where the Royal Observatory was formerly located. The vernal equinox is the Greenwich of the skies. Fr01n it the astronomer measures right ascension, which is the celestial equiv- alent ol. terrestrial longitude. Also the vernal equinox is important to navigators of ships and airplanes, but they call it .. the first point of Aries." This may seem surprising, since the constellation of Aries, the ram, is some distance away. But there is a slow movement in the sky, which t:tkes nearly 26,000 year to complete, called "precession" of the equinoxes. During this the equinoxes slip completely around the ecliptic. Thus the vernal equinox is now in Pisces, but several thousands of years ago it was in Celestial Timetable for November 9::10 p .m. Algol (v:uiable stat in Perseus) at minimum brightness 2:17a.m. New moon e:1rly a .m. Meteors vi~iblc, lpparently r adiaun,g (rom constellation of T.aurus 6 : 10 p.m. Algol :a m&nimum 5 :oo p.m. Moon farthest, distance l5 t ,900 miles 7 :21 a.m. Moon tn hnt quarter 9 :oo p.m. Moon pas.'es south of Saturn 5 :oo a.m .. Jupiter opposite sun and nc:arett earth; distance 37:.5 million miles a.m. Mt-teofl visible, apparently rada.uin1 from constellation ll :oo p.m. to:.u a.m. Moon paun south of Jupiter Moon nearest, distance 2:13,,oo miles Algol at minimum Algol at minimum ~oon in lase quarter Moon passes north of Mar~ Moon p35SCS north of Venus 1 t :oo a.m. Subtrac t one h our for CST, two hours for MST, ami three hours for PST. Science News Letter, 86:266 October 24, 1964 ins .. eot.e of OOA~porarr Ufo and tbou1bt. to tbe accumlat.d wildom of tbe Jlt witb empbaata ill thla olumo OG the NaUorl betweeo the Ollital Stat. ud HKALTN OTI 01' NUCL.AII .. AII'OWI TIIITIN.......oorctoa K . DaDDlDe U.S . .U:C (GPO, lllbta of wba' a IIDowa aboat racUatiolla I.Dd other hlth UJIIDtll ol aDalr t.Uq ill tbe atmollb ... HOW IIATIONI .... OTIATK-Fted m.art. Dlo -Bup. 2Tt p . U.95. ant-Datto ltwlr ol tho tactiea NHf ltft~ f1l D-.utiat.iGD. abOft bow D&tiODI nerotiata for *~ olfecta. the wan tb117 are .teered by preuuro I"'UII8 wtthtn tbllir own COWit.rta and how theJ oome tuallr to t.tu.. TN NATUII. AND OH.MIMRY OP NIGH POLYM.Itl Ketu~etb 1'. O'DNeoU-ReiDhold, 111 p . , diqrams, pap.-, 11. 05. Add! nil to cbemllta, s t.udenu and IIP"adu.at. wbo ba'f'O Dot bad formal trnlnlnl ill tbo IQbjoct. NOT UND.It OATH: Rer.oUecUons aod RelleeUont -John Klerao-lloulbtoo,