~. NUMII R 011 OIJICTI LINGTH 011 OIIIIYATION TY~I 0' OISIIVATION Ground-Visual ~ !.1 nt!v ereti 9. PHYSICAL E VIDINCI 2. LOCATION ~-:uu1.eso0a 10. CONCLUSION Po:Jsible siehti!l~ of li1lt o../c oa V?R f'l.ring belo\i cverc:..sti 11. 111' IUMMAIIY AND ~NALYIIS Round circular object, lij1ted, below 2 000 ft. disappeared OU Q_ Sl.g11 over ree-liOpS. a ~ona J.nlOr:.18 . JJ..On J..n letter indi catc d "iJX ~ky overcast. Object initial impression of object s:iJ_ri.lar to SC:IO. Flew lON over lnke, executad a 180 d e 3 r e e tum returning ~cn.:;ti 1 of 1~.~ .e , -..l.: r:1ed 90 de.;r ees 3t.cady. S11rfacc of obj-;ct .:::d r.ciP-!:lF~::3 ~i.r:Yila~ t o ptua;>~d.n. FTD SEft 63 D-329 (TDI) h '''IIIII ef till f1 a_, M Sisters lslan Fivemile Lake 2 noooo FEET tv12pped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey Centro! by USGS and USC&GS To ~ogr~;:~ny Iro--n aerial ohcto~raohS by KP-ish olotter Aena pnotograons tal(en : 954. Field chPC~ 1956 ?c yccn1c c ro!ewon . 192 7 Nj r:"' ~menraf"' :!aturT' l O,OOCtoct grici based on M1nnesota coor::1nate system, lOCO-meter l)n1versa' Transverse MtHCator gno ticks. ;:one ~ 5. sh own ' " blue U .,checked ~le1ations are snown 1n brown north zone APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION. 1956 THIS MAP COMPLIE: FOR SALE BY U. S. GEOLOGICAL ~ A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPC . !.. ;tBAI?RAS S J R 15 N . r .. ;,:. -oNAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS EY. DENVER 2. COLORADO OR WASHINGTON 25, D. C. ofiC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST II'H&"t0 " -C&OLOGICAI. S UitV&Y. WAS"INGTO N_. D . C - NB Heavy-duty ROAD CLASSIFICATION Light-duty Unimproved dirt==='"':..-::""~ 0 State Route SOUDAN, MINN. SciENCE Naws LITT&Jl for s~pt~mb~r 26, 1964 Jupiter, shining brightly in the constellation Taurus in the east, and Saturn in Aquarius to the south, will be visible in October evening skies. By JAMES STOKLEY ~ WITH THE COMING of October we .two planets joining the stars oi the autumn evening. To the soudt, in the constellation of Aquarius, the water carrier, sands Sarurn. And iD the east, about IS rimes as brilliant, you an tee Jupiter in Taurus, the bull. Both planets. as well as the stan, are shown on the accompanying maps. These show the sky as it looks about II :00 p.m., your own kind of daylight saving time, at the beginning of October-an hour earlier at mid-month and two hours earlier :1t the end. The "great square.. in the constellation of Pegasus, high in the south, is an out- standing grouping, although it contains none of the brightest stars that astronomers classify :u first magnitude. The star called ~{arkab is in the lower right-hand corner and extending from it to the right is a ro:. of stars that marks the head of this m ythlc:al winged horse. Just underneath these stars is Aquarius, now more conspicuous than usual because of the presence of Saturn. Still lower is the br:ght star Fomalhaut, in Pi~is Austrinu~. rhe southern fish. To the right of Aquarius is Aquila, the eagle, with Altair. Above this group, and a l::de to the right, s~ods Cygnus, the swan. .\fos of this constellaricm is shown on the! northern sky map, includin~t the brightest .,t .. r, ~neb. Below it is Lyra, the lyre, with ;rillianr Vega. in Northern Sky High iD me northeast is Andromeda, said to represent a chained princess, a con .. tella- lion that extends from the star Alpheratz, which is in the upper left corner of the .,quare of Pegasus. Andromedas mythologi. mother, the queen Cassiopeia, is just below. Her royal spouse, the king Cepheus, just to the left, a little below Cygnus. And dow him st:md' rhe little be:lr, Ur~ .. finor, with POtaris, the pole stu. Ursa Major, the big bear, of which the big dipper is part, is now poorly placed for viewing. It is very low in the north, and ~orne of tht: constellation is hidden below the horizon. Low in the east (shown on the map of the skies) is Taurus, the bull, in vl-tich f1Jpiter nnw ~tands and c;hines far mor<: brighdy rhan wy orhc.r ~tar or plJner. The ~roup i~ al.;o marked by the star Aldebaran. To the lett of Taurus is Auriga, charioteer, with first magnitude Capella. one much fainter than the other. Every days 21 hours, the faint star partly eclipses brighter companion, temporarily dim- Man rises in the east about 2:00 a.m., in Cancer, the crab. It is about half as bright as Saturn. Then, about three houn ahead of the sun Venus rises, shining even more than Jupiter. Mercury is not visible in October. No one knows today the origin of most of the constellation figures but apparently they were formed thousands of years ago people who lived in the Tigris- Euphrates valley. A number of features about them seem to indicate that originally there was some sort of system to their names and arrangement. A good example of this is the group of constellations visible in the south on Octo. ber evenings, all of which have something to do with water. In fact, in this ancient astronomy, that part of the sky was called ' 'The Sea." First, there is Aquarius, where Saturn now stands. From time immemorial this has been represented as a man, or sometimes a boy, pouring water from a bucket or urn. The Ar::~bs, ""hose religious law forbade J~picting the human figure, showed it as a mule carrying two water barrels, or simply as a water bucket. Of course, as with most of the constella- tion fii(Ures, it is hard to see this in the stars. The water jar, however, was supposed to be represented by dte three stars quite close together dtat are shown on our map a bit above Saturn. The curved row of stars extending down from the jar forms the stream of water that ftows, very appropri- ately, toward Piscis Austrinus, the southern Very curiously, however, the fish is not I swimming in the water, as you might ex-j peer. He is drinking it! Anomer watery constellation is just to right of Aquarius: Capricornus, the horned goat. This creature is represented as horned head of a goat attached to the body and tail of :1 fish. Aquatic Animals In PaHerns A little higher, marked by only one star on our map, is Equuleus, the colt. Dr. H. Menzel, director of Harvard College Observatory, suggests that this is really a sea horse! Above it, not shown on the map, is the faint constellation of Del- phinus, the dolphin, still another aquatic animal. And to the left of Aquarius there are more. There is Cetus, the whale, and Pisces, the fishes, which are tied together, according to the pictures on old star charts. Even Grus, the crane, near the southern horizon, has a connection with watt"r, for is a wading bird. Above Auriga is Perseus, representing a champion, with the star Algol, a famous ''eclipsing binary!' Acrually it is two stars. Q o SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN ORDER OF BRICHTNESS Stellar Pair in Dipper found to Be Seven Stars ~ THE FAMOUS P .\IR of visible stars in the: handle of the Big Dipper, Mizar and has now been found to consist of seven stars. The ability to distinguish the faint wm- panioo, Alcor, &om brighrer Mizar was wed u a test of normal vision before he days of eye alasses and oculist's charts. the ability to spot the six other stars now known to be around the middle s1:ar of the Dipper's handle will never be used as a test of even supersensitive vision -a telescope is needed to separate them. It has been known for years that Alcor is 1ctu:~lly a double star . .Mizar is also really r.wo stars, called Mizar A and Mizar B, .mc.J Mizar A bas long been known to be :1 double star. Now Wallace R. Beardsley of the Uni- versity of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observa- tory, Pittsburgh, has found that Mizar B consists of a pair of stars revolving around ~:tch other every 182 days, with a third ~ompanioo ocbiting the pair in 1,.350 days. of Mr. Beardsley's stu~)' of this .. c\en-starred system are reporred in Sky ENCiiNEDINO New Twist for Maps With Old Instrument ~ \ 65-YEAR-OLD l~STRUME.'lT can mJke the t:ask of mapp&ng an area much ... impier-at least in theorv. Ohio Sate University engineers, mder the direction of Prot. Ivan I. Mueller, de- O:lrtment of geodetic Jcience, have been vesripting Dew uses for the torsion baJ- Jnce, an iosaument given up 30 years ago 3'i useless iD map making. Their findings have brought the torsion balance &t)m lab- oratory atacs mto new promanence. The torsioo balance is an extremely sen- sitive device that, instead of measuring dis- .. 1c~s oetween two fV)incs, measures the !:gree oi gravity m tllrtetent :~reas of the locJl graviutional field. A weight. attached t() a fine wire, .. twists" under the in8uence <f the ea rth's gravity or :t local gravitJtional hdc.J in proportion to the field's strength. From a se ries of re:1dingo;, it is possible to determine the exact Jocation of the torsion u tl..tnce in relation to the: gravitational field's P1>vn center. ~fap-; are convention:tlty made by an an- :.::nr proces!l, "rrian~ulation and trilatera- cion." Three points are located with a sur- " tying instrument, nc:cessit:uing dear site lines to both points. However, the earth's curvature prevents usang tngonometry to !inti the di~tances between th e poin". Elabo- Sca~Ncs NEws Lanu for Sepkmbn 26, 1964 rate and tedious computations must instead The location of points on earth from observations a technique used by Ren:1issance ships at sea to keep &om "sail- ing off the end of the earth"-are compared with these triangulation distances. From this data and a myriad of correction factors, map .. scales" are established to get different distance sitings to "fit" together. Mueller's work Jisposes of this long, drawn-out process with a few simple twists The only drawback to using the beam balance in map making is its extreme delicacy and sensitivity to locaJly .. irregular" Jravity fields. IIOTICHMOlOOY Doughnut-Like Device Aids Circulation Study IJII> NEW CLUES to heart attacks, strokes critical heart and brain problems result &om research with a plastic doughnut smaller than an aspirin The device, which electromagnetically measures blood Bow through arteries as small as four-hundredths of an inch in di- was designed to determine how is delivered to vital centers in the By placing sever:al of these devices around Jitferent heart arteries at the same time, re- searchers have discovered that the heart's ~terial tree is not uniform, as has been assumed by many investigators. This knowledge makes possible advances in prevention and treatment of heart attacks involving arterial obstructions that block delivery of blood to he3rt muscle. The device permits blood Bow studies in sm.tll .mim1ls such as rats. Previous blood circ.:ut.auon re.earch required larger, more animals, thus slowing down in- v~ngaaons. The same techniques have been used to the Bow through arteries supplying the brain. Changes in Row in response to stress and various drugs have been recorded in con~ious, freely-moving animals. Arteries can be visualized by X-rays, probed with catheters and studied with radiOActive tracers. But these procedures revealed limited information about the regulation of the arterial system. The research is headed by Drs. Alexander Kolin and Gordon Ross, University of Cal- ifornia, Los Angeles. ScieMe H.~ Letter, 86:201 Sept. 'l6, 1964 PUILIC H!AlTH Portable Device Speeds Testing for Diabetes ~ A PORTABLE D EVICE in mobile clinics is en:tbling pe ople in Cleveland, in, to find out-in eight minutes- \\ he :her or not they h:111e . ! i:lbetes. c:vice compares 1 blood 5:tmple co :t 5oiurion of known co ncen Lrltion, chen measures the resulting blood-sug3r index. Dr. Jack R. Leonards of the School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, developed the apparatus. Scieftce N.ws letter, 16:201 Sept. 26. 1964 Comet Rediscovered, for 58 Years ~ A COMET that has not been seen for 58 years has been rediscovered, due to remarkably accurate predictions of its loca- tion after such a long gap. The long-lost Comet Holmes is far too faint to be seen in any except very large tc:lescopcs. Dr. Elizabe th Roemer of the U.S. Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Ariz., used the 40-inch telescope there to spot the faint object. She rediscovered Comet Holmes on the of accurate positions predicted by Brian G. Marsden of Yale University Ob- servatory, New Haven, Conn. Comet Holmes was first seen in 1892. It was also The comet has a history of such physical activity as outbursts when it draws dose to the sun, as it is doing now. It is in the constellation of Capricornus, the horned goat, which is now in the southern sky . News of the rediscovery of Comet Holmes was telegraphed to astronomers by Harv:trd College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., the dearing house for astronomical information in the Western Hemisphere. Scieftce News letter, 86:201 S.pt. 26, 1964 ENGINEERING New Suspension Bridge Fourth Largest in World IJII> THE LONGEST suspension bridge in Europe, and fourth largest in the world, the first three being in the United States, has opened in Edinburgh, Scotland. Called Forth Road Bridge, it has 30,000 miles of mild-steel wire holding up its road wav, with a 3,300-foot central span. Science N.ws letter, 16:201 S.pt. 26, 1964 Wave Analysis Locates Plane Crash in Lake ~ TiiE POINT OF IMPACT of a jet air- that crashed into Lake Pontchartrain, La., last Feb. 25, was calculated by looking at the waves it made, and then tracing them b:~ck co their origin :1 method that may useful in similar cases in the future. David E . Amsrutz and Steve Neshyba of T exas A & M University department of oce~nograpby figured that the plane would have caused a two-inch-high wave in the 640-square-mile lake. checked the recorded graphs pro- by four tide gauges located on the bk~ d uring che period immediately follow- i:lg the cra sh. From this, they c:Uculaced the point of che cr:1sh within 1,200 feet of the acrual location of the wreck:tge, which already been spotted by conventional The srudy was reported in Science, Science News letter, 86:201 Sept. 26. 19~ These do not e:thaust the inhabitants of the celestial sea. East of Cetus (not shown on the map, but visihle bter in the night) there is the long, '.~i\adin~ .. constellation of Ehidanus, the river. Still farther ot the east is the water mon- ster, Hydra. Farther south in the sky, not visible &om the U.S., is the great ship Argo, so huge that astronomers divide it into four con-1 stellations. These :ire Carina, the keel; Pup. pis, the stern; Vela, the sails; and Pyxis,l the mariner's compass. Still more southerly! Me Volans, the ftying fish, and Dorado, a However, these are not really ancient constellations. They were added to the sky in 1603 by Johann Bayer, a German astron omer who published a book of star ma and filled in Mile of the blank spaces. It is hard to believe that oaly coinciden for 10 many watery coastellations. Perhaps their on,inators intended than picture IOiik coanected story. If so, man kind has forJOtten what it was. Cel"tl.. for October t r r :oo p.m. :z:oo p.m. Moon passes Venua Algol ar minimum farrhest; dist.:ance l5I ,JOO miles Moon in first quarter Algol at minimum Mercury behind Sun Moon passes Sarurn AJgol at minimum passn Jupiter Moon nearest; distance :u6,8oo miles ~7 5:59p.m. Moon in last quanu 5 :oo a.m. M\lOO pa a Man 1 :30 a.m. Algol at minimum 7:oo p.m. Moon pa~ Veous Subtract one hour for COT. two hours MOT, and three boun for PDT. OCEANOOIAPHY I New Ocean Sounder j 1 00 Times More Accurate ' ~ A~ OCEANOGRA