3. DATE-TIME CROUP PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD 2. LOCATION 0 Ground V I s u o l 0 Ground-Radar 7. LENCTH Of= OBSERVATION 10. B RIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS 9. COUI~SE 11. COMMENTS 12. CONCLUSIONS \Ya :J Boll oon 0 Pro bob I y B oll o o n Po.ssi bly Balloon a . Was Aircraft a Probabl y A ircraft 0 Possibly A ircraft Wo:J Astronoml col Probably Astronomical Possibly A~tronomicol Insufficient Octo for Evoluctio" O~;j n r: cltLl '(. c o .lor, . lo:.-:,,.; & s L~ntLH' ;,r/;~lCJ'.\' (f11'0!]ctbl~ jet i.ni) piih:) ls1 Llo.~.1a . J~l:tblt.~ to cstL1:l.L..:: ~-L~t..?, but J:JJ~rud S;l.tl1er t'u1:1 :-lOC. ~;o Ad~na 'tv In~irJ U~ 1api~lly out or ~l ATIC FORM 3 29 ( R E V 26 SEP 52) . ~oto ot UFO taknby Dr. . .. :anJ.alaua Kowalesewald inter tars The December skies offer the astronomer much to ob- serve: the brilliant planet Mars, several prominent constella- tions and the Geminid shower of meteors. By JAMES STOKLEY ~ ALTl-IOUGH RAPIL>L Y dr.1wing away fr1'tn us, tlt e planer ~Llis L 'till conspicuous in tlw suutheru t!\'Cnin.'{ s!,.r. Fr uru :1 distance of about 19,i00,000 miles the end of the month. t\ t the: SdnlC t ime it dl'llP' in brightness a full m:tgnitude , on the astrl)nomer's brightne~s ~calc; that is, about lO of wha t it w:.s Dec. 1. Hut c:q~n then it will ~hinc: more hrilli:tmly than all but one of the stars now \'i~ible. The :~ccomvanying 1:1aps show the skie!>' app.:.tr:tn.:c :et a!Jout 10 p.m., st:mdarcl rime, nn the first nf Ut:cember. Dy the middle of tht: lllonth thC)' will look this \\:ty :tt :tbout 9:lll) v .m. and a t the end they will have th e s~llllt: :1ppenrance at eight o'clock. Mars is h i,cth in the ~outh, in the constellation of Aric,., the ram. f',J\'rJrd the cast :tnd southe:~st is a group of p rominent con-.t~llatiom, containing m .111y bright st-..tr:-, tha t will be h igh in the suuth on rnidwint~r c,ening~. This g roup i-; responsible: for the b:i II iwce of the winter Hyade-s and Pleiades T o the left of Mars sr.tnds Tnunts, the bull, \\ith a first-m:~gnitude st.u th a t is lliHinc.:tly red in color, n:~med Alddur:1n. hi:.-i<; part of a smaller , \ '-shaped, grou1> uf l>t;lrs c:ellcJ lhe Hy:tc.!es. Higher and t o t ht: right of the HynJ<:.s there: is another cl more c'-1mpacr cluster ca lled the l'ki.Hies. H ere six stars can normally lie :-occr\ "ith the t\aked t~e. but use ot u pair of bi 1\c)..:ula rs wi II reveal m:mt. m Me . l k:low and tn the: Je[ c nf T:\Urus i~ cmt: of the: m o.,t promin~nt of all comtell:nions. T hi s is Orinn, the only consrdbtion visible frwn the United St.Jtc:s that co ntains two st.1rs of the first m~ ;;:1itJde. T hese are H telgc u!>c: and Rip:!. .... ~o;e po,ilion<> a re l-1"''' n on the 111:1p. B.:t~\ : e n th~m arc: three <.t.u,. in ,1 row that for::-- ,;! belt of the \\',trrinr, the tigure th ~ .Hs of Orion ' ' ere Stlp!JOS('d to form . . H ?ictccl on old ~tar map~. Low in the $UHrlv.:ht ~nJ c.tst are two ~t:tr ~ ru11 p<: rcprrscn ti ng Orin11' s do -Canis llllJtlr, th~.: gn.:.llcr dog, i<> now ra th er low, l111t the star Siriu.;, \\'hich ~s in this con- 'ttll.ttinn. 'hines hrisdttly. Thi:; i" th e o ne ~l.1 r rit.e t t -ccc:ecl!> th e end-u-thc month bri,.;hrnc, ._ ,f ~brs. H owever, when Sirius j,; " low ::1' it is shown here its brightn~.:ss i .. sntnC\\ h.tr di r11mcd by the ;1mount of at- llH'iJhcre th.tt itc; light h:P; to p'netr.ttc. \VIwn ir i, higher in tlec <;J,.y, it), ,,~ :1 shorter p.1th thrn11gl t the t:.trtlr'<: l:tyc:r o :tir, so :lwn.: i~ Jc..:,s :cl,,t,rj'tio n . Minor. Tn it ;, the st;er c.ll!t:d Prucrun. Above it, partl}' on tltc m.tp of th e rwrtht:rn sl,y, p.tnly un the southern, :tre Gemini, the twins. Tlac two bright st.trs he re art: C:asto1 :1ncl Pollux, the: latter the brighter. Still hig her in th e northenst, is Capella in he const ellation of Aurign, the ch:lr iotter. And ovcrheaJ, nt the ti mes fur whi ch the maps are drawn, is Pascus, the ch:~rnpinn, , 1 constdl.ttion which includes the famou<. \':triable srar Algol. Its light is dimmed every few dnrs as a cl:trker comp.1nion p:1~ cs in front of the: brighter component, :mel c:tuscs :t p:trtbl eclip$e. In the northwest there arc s till \'i sihle two 1>tars that were prominent on summer e1 c. ninJ.;'i li ke Sirius, they :tr\.' dimmed by reason of thdt low a ldtude. Ju~t :tbO\e th<.: horizon is Vega, all that is sho,,n of Lrr:~, the l)re. AbCJve it is Cygnus, the sw.Hl, in whit:h D eneb i~ the brightest mr. Another planet, Venu~, is ju~t coming into e\'ening sky. At the end of December it s~t~ nc.trly :111 hour :tftc r the sun. It m ay be 5een nca r the southwe,tcrn hnri7nn dusk is fa II in g. In the c:trly morning , just Ldore Stlnri ~e, ]tlpitcr may ue seen low in the southeast. is nc.~rly :ts bright HS Mnrs i~ :tl the hc- J.tinning o( the month. ~ [crcury, on lJc:c. 29, w ill be .ll the po~i tirm c.tlled ''w ea tc:st western elonga tion," whe n it i~ fartlteSI west uf th e sun, :111d riw~ well hdun.: ~ttnrisc. AlH>Ut th at tintc, it i, po~!iible to glimp,~ it also in the southc:t~t, a<> d awn ic; brc.1king. Stturu cnnm.t be seen :tt all in D.-t trnber; on th e 10rh ir i-; in the s.unc direction :ts rhc sun, f:tr out l1cyund it. The nat11c "pl..tnt:t" r~.:allr mc.111s a w.lll- dcrer. Ther wert: so c.elled in antient tillle \\hen men nvti.:cd t hat. unlike the st.tr~, \\'hich scnn tn rc't11:1in in the l-:lllW rd.Hi,c positiou~, thty nw1 c aro1ncl anHmg tltt con- stcllationc;. Actu:tll)' thl st:trs ,dso :are nw,in~. a11d so111c a t high spcedc;, hut they arc at such \':JSt cli<:t.ul c., that even a whole: liCctit11e is nut enough to ~hrJW :1 pt>rceptiGlc: cltan~e :ts seen \\ ith t h(! n:tkecl eye. From :>ccuratc ns- tronomical mcn~urements, howe,er, their motions acres'> t he sky h a\'e beef! deter. mined. Bcc.ausc of these movements, the constellation li_gu,c~ :tr e all ch anging. Fifq tltou~:~nd yt:,ll'" ago they looked ,c q tlifl'er. ent, to the prirnitivc ca1e n1en in Europe a ncl other p1 rts o f tile wrJrld, fr om th e ilP pear:tncc they prescnl toJ.ay. And 50,000 rc.us hence, our dc:.;c\!ndants ''ill see them ~ till tliffl.'rentl;. O rion, the grc:lt d ipper, T .tUrus and nil our f:tmiliar groups, will be gone complctdr, sup~rsedc:d by entirdy eli. t cot.figur:t tions. T he sun is a lso a swr, the nearest o( all, and it, tcYl, i~ mo.,.ing through !-pace, in the general d irection of th e star Vegn. Hut ns it goes, :It a speed uf about 12 ruiles per second, it cnr rirs the e:trth, as well as the other planets, alung w ith it. T herefMe it ic; not entirdy c:orrc~o:t to say, a; we o(tt:ll do, tha t the p:tth of the ea rth is an dlip~e, Tht u tiHr dug i.; tlte lnwr one, Can is SYMBOLS FOR STARS I N ORDER OF BRIGHTNESS Sc.:tEr-:c t: N~\\:.' i..1.r rH for Not tm/Ja 29, 1958 HBomb Explosion Causes Artiflcjal Aurora ~ A llYJ)ROGE~ 130~[[3 c:-:ploded higlt i 11 the uir c:111 ca u ,c a LH igh t ~trtilici.tl The marHH.Hlc au:1r,d cli-.pby was sc~:n !J~ J. G. Key~, ob~::r. er-in-ch:trgc at Apia OIN'rT.Hory, New lld,,iJcs h l.mds, :tt 10:5 1 Cr.:\!nwich Tirnc nn .\ltg. 1. :\t the same rhc:rc: wa~ a su,lcLn in~o.rease in mag- netic activity a t Api.t. h ydrogc:n bomb ,,. ;1::, cxploried by U. S. ~cicmbts high in tlte upper :ttmosphere over Jollllston lsl.llld at :tppru~irnatdy the time the aurora appc:treJ :t:~cl the m:~gnctic di!> .:c ~t.~rtcd. J\uror.t!. :1r e rardy ,ecn in tropic.rl rc- ~ions, :mel on\ i' one <,t!u:r h:ts been reported :turor.ts that arc seen in the tr1.tpics have ah: ry:. been as~uciatcd \\ ith severe worlcl- '' ide tll:lJ;nt.:tic Jistu rb.mccs. However, the Api-1 uisturbJnce definitdy ''''~ not world-wiJc:, Dr. r\. L. Cullington co( New Zc:1l:tnd's I>c.p.'lrtmcnt of Scientific :'Inti lndu~tri:ll Rcsc:;.1r.:h reports in N ature Therdorc, L>r. Cull ingw n concludes: ''There sc:erns to be I i ttlc doubt that the unum.tl nt.tgnetic dT.:cts rc~orclc:d at Api.t .trc rd.ttctl to thi~ exAnsion :tnd that the tn:ruif..:,tatinn seen Jt . .\pi:l w:J~ :1 man-made or :rrrHidal auror.1 clue to a nudear explo- in the urpcr :lt.."TTOSpherc:." Sin.:e :1 'tucly of tlv.: effects due: tu this cxplm ion rnay hcl? understanding of the thcury u( m.t~nc.:tic :.t.:>rms :tnd auroras, Dr. Cullingrnn :t'kcd other :.r:~ti,ms in tire Ccn. tral l':tcific tr1 ~c:arch their record~ for al'\.. IIOrrml lll:l~tu.1ic .t~t:, :\ .tt the time. Scittnc N::wJ Lotter, No.,ember 29, 1953 Bent to Scie"ce Starts In Home Be-fore School ~ Wllt\T llt\PPF"- S : 1 a child while lttin~ rai~cd in the ltu'1'.~ !n::;o: bdurt: sdwcl tl:!ys tn ay clc:tt'rtnim. "~ ~:.~::r he is likdy co uc :1 o;citntist nr go in t , 11nc other life wnrk, per'ion, :1 t the l.di ~un Found.t tion CottftTCnt:~o: in C:innntl:rti lt:trnccl. D r. i\unc Rot:. :u ljiiiiCt pwfcsSL1r of r~>' <.ll(llo1{V, !':t\\ York Uni\'c r.,ity, finds the clifftrcnccs th.tt 01.1 h mn:.t pcoplc i 11 tcre~tcd 111 thitt .111d <other pc:<~plc.: mu~t illtcrc~ted i11 peupk ~tent fr,lln th e c:trltcst experience~ in i11f.rn.:y. The " tlti11g" pcr\Oil'i c rn kcoJtlll: ~.:iellti,t-; tncl the " pe,,plc.:" rcr\Uih U(\cltp t"'' .rrclnwt s~itn..:e lic:l<k P:~rcms \\ lrn ".tnt w r.ti~c: their children to ue s .. icnri,t,, Ur. Hu~: :J<hic;~:~. :-hnuld 1 f r.1in f rrm: '(' rc.t ti ng-t h.:m ao; etverprotected "mnthe r-.' children," g i\ ins: t ltent C\' l'rytlting they Suppre,,in~ natur.tl curio~ity lty ovcrprv. ttction, ~uclr as stopping the handling of things around the.: hn11-.c d11c to fear of lma kin g. t\ot leuing tl1<:rn f<JIIr>w the intcrt\t~ t!r.rt Lb clop from thing-. attra~.ting them n.r. \\'!tile kl\it: oricnt.ttion~ l~,w.trd :.cicnce :111d non-~dcncc do be~iu alruo't in the cr:rdk, sdlflols du have :t dt.rncc.: to rein force science mntivatiun and gi vc.: e>s.::ntial tr.tining, Dr. Hoc C'tnplt."i~cd. T hey c.m al:;l di re~t th e .1 ttc:n 1 ion of tlw~e "I"' ha vc Lla~ic auilitics l() the :tdr.mtage~ nf science Scic:nt:c c.:ducation u.:cd~ to d1) nt nrc tlt.w discipline ntind~ and itnp;rrt f.tcts, Dr. Roc belie\ cs. I t is necess:try tv urge the potcnti:d icntist tn give frec play lu f.111cy and al'io be rc~pc.:~tful of the tncth11J ond spirit o( Science News telll'r, No,.emher 29, 1958 PHYSIOLOCY Low Temperatures Lessen Kidney's Blood Flow PROGRESSIVE induced reduction in body tell1pcr.lturc probaiJI~ cnu~e' a par.1lld Ut:CrC::lSC in tltc kiJney's lJ!uod flow and gl orm:rul.tr filtration r.ttc. Tbi~ ".ts rcpomd by Dr. John I r. t\{o}er of the H .tltnt:nt:tlln Mcclil:al College in Phil~ atldphia :lt a cou (crcnce on ltypotlterntia spon,orc.:d by th e New Yurk Academy of Sciences. Hyputl11.:rrnia rdcr~ to \Jl)(\y tctn~ per a tun:~ less th~tl\ tlt c norma I. Despite th e dt:cre:-r~c.: in gl omerul.tr filtra~ tinn and renal hlood flow during subnormal te rnp.:r:ttures, Dr. Moyer s.ticl, there is not n simil.tr dt>crca)c in urine: VIJiume or so- dium excretion until the hody is brought to ttmper:t tu res below 26 d egrees ccn tigr:~dc (.t bout i9 degrees fahrenheit). .Below thi., point urine volume nncl sorlium excretiun ui mini:.h progr('~!>ivcf y with tcr nper:Hure rc~ R..:duction in kiclner functirm is prnb,tblr ot a re,ult of the decrc:~se in hl uod pre sun.: CCJt'cornitant \\ ith hypothc:rmia, sin~c raising rh~ b!~,od pres)urc w ith :t spcci.tl agent does nCit :lffcct the :t I tc:reu kid ncy functio n. :wothc.:r report tCJ th e con ferencc, Dr. H.dph \\'. Uraucr of thc: :--l:t\'.rl R.tcliological mc L:tlmr.ltory in S.111 Fr,mchco t~ld how circulation in the liver is altcreJ in hypnther mi:t. Tlti~ i\ due to in~..rc.t!.ccllluuu vi~co~itr a nd to :-r Ouid ~!tift fnun cxtra- ccllul.tr to intracdlular r<:~ulting in in . crcascc.l I i \'Cr 'oh111 tc. Eflcct' un the ( unetiun:tl cletnrnts of tire li\er, s:1id l>r. Hr:rttl'r, ind~tcle clt .t ngl''i itt s~:t:rcrurr acti \'itr "'.:It :1:; a ~harp reductiu11 in bile llow. Dr. Robert M. I:Crtlt' nf \\\:,tern Rt":rve U n in:r'i t) in Cit' d.1ttd rtp