PROJECT 10073 RECORD CARD J OATI::-f:..,( ~ROUP . .(. TYPf.. OF OO~ERYATIOH ---------O l:J Crovnd Yo Jool 0 CrovnJ R od u 0 Ai,. Vi wc.l 0 Aor-l ntmct>pt Ro!.<r Wn 3 6olloon ?o:a~obly U.Jtio1n Wos Atrcrufr Probably Aorcroft Po:ssol>l) Aorcrof~ /' I~ w.l ... Ast.-nn<Jmo::o l LGPJ\:" ( I 0 P robob!y A~tronomr:ol 0 Pc>""'bly Astronornocol obj j umped 0 lnsufloc;ittnt D ot u for -------~--h-our l arouna. o_ "' Unkno...-n 1\0. BRIEF !.Ut..i:.IJ.RY OF SIGHTING 11. COMMENT$ l obj. round. size of clime. color-blue. Obj. it,ia /u~+ , obv,ous f roav9'ls ristio.a obberved throut;h binoculars f or i hr. obj. of ~ . & '!' :o.'.; o\:terv:&tio ""7'0 seemed to jum~ around and did dot dissapear. st or, pla "' e~. 'f-1 v ( ,.~lvotion ATlC l'OR\4 l~? (Rl.tV 1? JE- METALLURGY Nletal Alloy Makes Powarful Magnets ~A SUPERIO R rn.t!!ncri~.. alloy, called ~up~:rmcndur, ha~ hlC'n ch.:vc.:lt>jed from iron, wh:~lt anti "~m..clium, H. L. fl. C ould an.! D. 11. Wt.nn)' o( Bell Telephone Labora- roric~. lnc., Murray Hill. N. J., n.:pon in F!cctriml J:'ng:'net:riflg (~!.trcil). It.~ cxc~ption . l ph)sic~l anJ m agnetic propcnic~ were sh,J ... n in ~tancbrLI tests in which the :rlluy cstt~bli)lu!d six nc:w record~ for hi giL magnetic characterist ic11, the en~inec:rs report. can incrca' e th e power output of a tr.ut,formc-r coil by 30% nnd prom b cs to be of vnlu c for tran~fnrmcr:., high tempc:ra- turc :tppli<:.ttions, mcmorr devices and tcle- phont.: r eceiver diaphragms, they state. ~!:tgnuic.: amplifier~ using the alloy can be reduced in si7e by 200/o and still furnbh tlu.: l':unc outpur. In high power elect ronic circ.lit'i the new mate rial will, in some CJ'>c>, reduce the numher of amplifi.:a tio n st.1ge> &o111 two to one, anti make further 111ini:mrrit .tti,ln JlC>s,ible. llnr ;, parti.7Jbrly ,aluablc hec:111~e it .:.til be cC'I\rl rcollc:J like othtr soft m:~gnetic n r.ttcriah into the thin gat~ge!; th.tt arc ~o \' ita\ to rnodcrn requirements, the engineer!> Science ~ews loller, March :23, 1957 Large Number of Dope Addicts Among Doctors :IJooo El':OUGH D OCTORS to cqu:tl the en- tire output of one C'l( the cou ntry's 76 nu~di CJI schools t~1rn into dope :tddict~ c\c ry yc:1r, lJr. J. D e\\ i tt Fo-.:, Detroit, ~lich., reports in the j oum,tl of the Michi~.m Stair Mcdicnl Sncicty (Feb.). Warning nil docto:\ not to o\er\0ok the m cn:1cc in th<-ir own meclic:~l bagc;, Dr. Fox quot~s Dr. H.1rris h!l!ll. Jirt>cto r of the U. S. PuLiic H ealth ~:r. :cc 1 (ospital for :tddi~.tc; irt Lexington, h . .. <ts S:t}ing that st:M('(:l y a w eek pas~e' wh~on a "pit ysici:lll \\ h,) is <t D emerol add in is not a tin 1 i n..:J to our rnstltuu on. Since l)cm r rul, :1 llt:\\ cr pain killing <lr ug, n r.llle it' :tppr.t r .111rc, mo~t new doctor :,cl. dkt' t1kc tu it r.uhcr than rnorpl1ine, Dr. Fo x reports. P hv\ ici.m :ttldich Ltll into thrn; c\., t:s: tlu: re :trc aiC<IIlLlli.: plty~iti111s '' ho relieve h .tll).!wers \\ it h opi.ll~:.; tirc:cl docto rs \\ ho lnl'tl u . .tl y hlo t o ut f.niguc w ith a na rcutk; . ,.1 dnct rs ~uffcrin~ p.dn from di~t'.t~e, \\ hn r>' t:rdr,:; them~h cc. with opi.1te'>. Tire ()\'trl; fatiglll:d vlrp ici:lll i:. all t (JU l CI\l'' .lll11 JHr t'tll, \\11id 1 he fteJ., ftc C,llllltlt make ' ' ithout :t \ ti mul:uu' t<1 keep him ~oing. H e t:rJ.r , ., d ose uf mcorphinc, nt<:tlta- done, or D eme rnl, and got \ altt'.td :tnd make ... hi.; c:tll. Finding ~uch an escape n grc.1t rdid he repc.tt' itJ until he too f:lllc; through the trap dcxr i11to :tddiction." D r. Fox cx- l lowc:\'cr, tlrcrc i' alw.1yc; a scrinu. en111 tio11:1l cli~ordcr in the l.1ck>:nuncl. whidt c.111 be :tn}thi11R fnm ::1 m.trit.d r ift tn in- t:tx trot~h!t:. ''What cnry phy11icbn mu~t nncmucr is that he ic; hum:tn . E\en th<'U~h in hi s h:-.g is an c~c.1pc th ro ugh :1 11\: cdlc, he 1nu~t m:vtr :t\l(lw h imc;cl( the pk:tc,ure of using it," Dr. Fvx warned. Most 1loctors need a g11l1cl night's ~lt:cp, tnrJre v:teati()n ti111e, ancl n.:lea~t: fro m ten- sion. \ Vi tlwut itJ the y .trc in ~reatl'r Janger from tcmpta tion th:tn :t n )' Ia ym.m, bcc.n.sc of their ca~v :~ccc~ to tire Jrugs. 'ThC' out~tanding fcnturc of th~:sc cnses of php.ici:tn :tddicts :tppearcd tn he l.1cking of waruing ) oung tlocturs he fu n the y we nt out into pr.t~.:tice," Dr. Fo1< ... tit!. Evcr r m edica l !ituclcnt a nti intern 1-hould h:t\'c it cirumrne d int.> him just as ta,ern o wn.:rs tdl their b:~rtencltrc; thcr will be uscl~s once th ey :.tnrt clrinl-ing thcr11seh es. "It is tiute e\ cry doctor-yo u :llld Hit- and c\'<:r y medic:tl :.tu<icnt- he tcld the 'fncts of life' when it come~ to na rcmic addiction," Dr. Fux warrH hi s colleague~. Sci"lnce New' leller, Marth 23, 1957 PUBliC HEALTH 16 Among Students Shows Sharp Decline ~ 1:"-1 Tl IE P AST IS yea rs, the incid ence cf active ::~nd arre~ted c:t~c:s of tuht:rculosis among cnllcgc stmh.:nt' h:H clroppccl ofT This re~ult i., shown in a suncy con- ducte d a t the Uni\er~itv uf C:tliforni:t at Los Angdrs. T he sur\'ey was conducte d in tire Stucknt Hl..1lt h Service u ncler the d irection of Dr. Gertrude Huberty through a g r:\nt fr om the:: Lo> Angeles County Tuberculosis r\s- wlin skin re.1ctio n tc~ts were given to m ore th:tn 2,000 rntcring stude nts Jao;t spring. Reactinrh wc:re cnr rebted with chc~r X r ay result~. !\:inctecn percent of the gr11up b:ul positi ve rc.~etinrrs. Ouly two of thi, group wer~ found to be acti\'e c: cs. A simil.tr survey in 1910-11 resuiLccl in 40"/o !Joc;i ti \'C' rc.1c tic1ns a nd ano ther in I ~lfi- 47 showed 65% po~itiVl.$. T he brge pcrrcn tage of ptsi ti \'C''> in the latte r !illn l'}' \\'a~ thougltt t t J Lt th c rc~ult of the large iullux of \'Ctcr.m~, m:mr of whom ~crvcd in arc:.,.; whe re expn~urc to the eli e.t, c \\ .1~ frcqutnt. ",\'l ndcrn 111Ctilnd~ of wbcrculo~is trc:tt- rnellt arc \C) diclti\'c th at :.tudcnt~ with :tcfi\'e di,ea .. c uftL'II ln~c l111t nne :.lntcqcr ," Dr. Hubcrt~ s:ty\. "Ther rn.y return the ne'<t scmt:Mtr :111cl lOntinm hdr ctluc.1ti ,m, un~ler cht:11111the r.1p} \\ hidr 111'1int.1irh thc111 1 n :t non ~:on t.tgwu:. ,t. tc. SC'inco Nvw~ l oll r, Murch 23. 1957 PUBliC HEALTH Daily Requirements of Two B Vitamins Change NEW "miniruun1 d:tily rcqtrircuwr1h " for two o( thc f; \ it. min~ were propo~t"li by the tl and Drug Acln rini,tratinn in W.l:.hing- T he propt~cd r cgu\:1ti o n wuuld M't :t tnini n1utn d.1ily rcquircnt tnt for niacin fnr the fir,t ti111c, :1t 10 milligr:tms. It \"Ould also r educe th e :tdult minimum cl.1ily n- quirt:ment for ribofla\'in from two milli. grams to one 111illigrnm. The minimurn daily rcquinmcnt~ help prorect co nsumers frum cxag~eratcd :tnd ntislcading cbirns of the \'itJmin content on the label~ on fwd~ nne! dru . \ VIten a m a nufi\cturc r cl.timc; that hi~ !Jroduct COli ta ins a pu ricubr viwmin, he is rc'luirc:d show on its lahd how much of the: \' it:mrin it contains and the prrportion of the rniuimum clJ ily requirement it supplies for :tdults :11td children. It was known in 1941 that ni .tein pl:ty~ a n important roll: in h uman nutr ition, but until n ow there h.1s been no ~cuer.tl :~grec mcnt on i ts mitlimurn daily requirement, fJr. E . M. Nelso n, Food and D rug Ad- ministration, U. S. Department of H ealth, Educntinn nnd \Velbrc, reportc:cl. The minimum daily requirement of riuo- A:~vin wa~ ~ct at two milligrams in 1941, Dr. Nelson said, uut this w.ts b:rsed UIJOII r ather limited cviclt"nce i n the cure of ariboA:tvino.,i~ a clic:casc c~use<l by roo little r ibofla\'in in the diet. Nutritio n scit:ntists urc no w grneral\y agreed that th e daily requirement may be met hr onc-ltalf drat amount, he s:lid. Stienco New Lotter, Morch :23, 1957 Temperature Affects Loss Of lniured Nerve Fiber ~ A S~I!\LL RISF. IN TE~IPRATURE cJ n gre:nly increa~c: the degeneration of :wimal nc n e fibers af ter they :tre injur ed, Or~. I l. J. G:-.mble, F. Goldby :llltl G. M. R. Smith, St. ~brr's H uspit:d Medical School, in Natun: (M:trch 9). Thjs temperature d l cc t is irnport:tnt be- c;tUse o ne of the cr,mmone ' t methods fo r imt.:,tigating p.1thways and connectirms i n ncr\'ou~ system in\'oh cs snrdyin~ tht: Lion 1 h:-. t tnke" phcc a f rcr C'iperi- mcntal injur)' l t i~ e cntial to know h ow rnuch t irne mtm el:I J:.c before it ca n be :rs ~lllncd t hat tl w sun i' ing nerve fiben. nortn::tl in itppt .ll':tncc, c:lltll<t ha\e btc n tfTectcd Ly the injur)', th e rt!searr he1s rc- The efft.:.:t~ of tern perature ''ere ~tudi<'1l in lit.:m l-likc ani111;~l~ th.rt adjtht their hnd \' tem p eratures to tlr:'lt of rh-: ~urrouncling air. Anim.1IS kept .1t (jq drgrcc~ F.thrr-nheit !'ho weJ the !-:tn"''e :nnou nt vf dcgcnt:rlti<Jn witlrin <nly three d.rys th:tt w:ts found a fter three \\'Clkc; in :111im::tl~ kept I 1 dc&r ccs Stit'ncc Nvws l e tt er. I.Aorch 23, 1957 Jupiter and Mars can also be seen during April. The first eclipse of the year, an annular eclipse of th e sun, will ur on April 29. Naked-eye comet scheduled. By JAMES STOKLEY :>-~ll'RCllltY. Mtt.1llc~t o( th~ nine !'Janet~ .111d tll.:.trt~t of thnn .t!l In till' ~un aroun,l \\ hidr the:\' n.:\tJ!Ic, \1 ill 1\t.th.c one o( it~ rotrc 'I'IJC.tr.llt\.C' ahout the ntiddk of Apr il. On the I Stlt it ''ill ht t'.trtlte,t cast of the 1'\ln-"g,t.ttt.'Sl c.t-t:rn dong.ttion'' tlw nc<r call~ it-;cnJ for ~ few day~ . trn\lncl th en it will he !>:::ttl ncar the we!>tcrn htt iYon ju~t aftt:r sunset. Since :tt bc>t it will ~cr ,1buut ~n huur and three qu:trter:. the '-UII, you ''ill h.l\'e tu lnok fur it a~ du~k r,.ttlter.;. }ly the 1imt" rht we'-!c:rn sk> i~ cotnpletd} ~fctcun will at ... lt.l\'c gone out of I:Cc.nt~c pf this, i\ferc~1ry docs tl(Jt npl'e.tr tlll dec nccompanyiu~ maps, "hich :.1"'"' the sky will lr1ok :~bout IU u'cluck, own kind nf >l.clltlard time, at the icS!inning c1L ,\pril. I r ''ill :1ppc:.1r similarly J:OO p.m. :ll th<' !lltddlc o( the monrh, and .1hout 8:00 p.111. at the end. AJ,o nut ~how11 CJn the accotllp.mying n1aps is tltt: ~:ontN scht~ltllecl to be 'isiblc tc Nurthcr n Hemi,phcrc in btc April :llld ~b~ It is pn:dirtcd t< hlaYc furrlt at Z{"rt> ma~niturle, m.,J..ing it onc- nf the tiW\ t brilliant object~ in the ~ky at 1 hat time. If the com~.:t li\'CS up to cxpe~t.ttion~, it "ill h<' the bix~c't :tnd nh>'t spcct.twbr uf its hrcctl during the :?Oth century, hrightcr allc{s Comtt. la-.r 'ccn in 1910. Known :1:. Cnmet . \ nnti-Roland after the l\\O Bclgi.tn aMI)IlOiners '' ho di~cuvcrc:d it, the ohjcct w:l\ fir)t :-potted em l\oL 8, 1956. Si net: tl wn, :15tron t: en I writ here :md abroad follc.wccl it \1 th their tdc~cope~ until it tr:t. de. I to> d u'-c t tbc su n to he St't:ll. By the tnd of .\pr:l, it \\ill be f:tr enough "' :ty fnm tht 'un to be \' isihh: Its brilliJIIle will fade twi .. !h and it \d\1 The tlll'r pl .. nt>t is J\l.1r,, 'till nlcding a(t<:r th e di';t :eppro.tch th.tt it lll:ldc bst Scp lt'lnher, \o it Ita' f.,d,d ~n ... lll}' Luul. lO\\':JI'd tlu: \\'l'\t .111d }'Uti ._.Ill \Ce il ill 'f:tll!'lh, the hull, to tltl left of the hrigl1t ~tar C:tpdl.t, in 1\urig,t, the ch.1riotea . ~ l.trs, huwe\ t'l', It, ,~ the hriglt till! of a of tlte ~<'omd lll;t).!nitudc. Nine First Magnitude Stars In adclitiou t o C:tpdh, nim cothcr bright st:~rs (i.e., I)( the lir~t m.tgnitudt:) arc nO\\' ,.i,iblc::. Lm\ in th e Mlutlt\\c,r i' Sirim, the d of: :-t.tr, p.1rt o( Cani~ ~1.1j0r, the ~re<~t To the right, clinctly \\'C,t, i~ Ori'll, the ".11 rior. P.t r r uf thi, fi$rllrt' i~ liclO\\ tht: lwriznn, at tin: time:~ fw '' ltich our tnap' a rc dra\\'n, bnt lktdgc:u 13 still \'isil,lc, l! tltl' three !lt:tr~ th.1l furm hi~ lJdt. F.~rthcr to tltc: 1 i~ht i Tauru~, tlw hull, '' hich ~l.crs now ~ta11ds. llduw tltc pl.tnt:t i' i\ldch;tr.tn, a fit 'I "''~nitudc star, al- it ltl\\' altitude c.ttl'e~ it to be dimmed. Al1mc Oriun i!\ the figure of \rentini. th e t\\'ills, with Pollux, ,,f the tir a m .lgllilltdc, :~nd C:t~tM, uf the sccn11d. T o the ld t of tl ti~ gruup we find l'roqun, in C:tni.: Minor, the Jco,~cr dog. Still farther to th e ldt, high in the souther n sk> i~ Leo, the lwn, \\ ith the bri~ht )tar Regulus. T ltis star, with a semkirdc "f ::wrs just alJo,t, forms a little figure known .ts the Rt'gulu~ utark~ th e end o( the handk, which puinb down\\.1rd. in tltc l':t~t i" Home,, the bc:tr-dri,cr, \\'ith urilliJnt t\rctunl'. Bdnw this con- :.tellttion \\e find \'irgo, the 'irgin, with c.t. a~ "dl '" Jui'itcr, a tcmpMarr vi~it11r. Finally. lnw in tht: IWrthc.t<;t, \'cg:~, p1rt of Lyra, tht: lyre, is indic.tt~d. Enn more th.tn Ald{'h.tr.lll, ih ltrilli:llli.C i~ dimmed uy it~ l11w :tltitudc, but l.!lcr in the night, :1' of June. J 1'5iiilng l:.tc April, the Ctllt Ct will it dimlt .. lo\\ .trd the vutlt, y1J11 \\ill h . al1l ~cc it ~ltinint' \\'lth .1.:..;11 .tJtnnl gt .. ry. f;y lh:tt tillll' :\IWtltl' r pl.llll't \\' til lt.t\'1' apptared. ~:turn, in th t cun!.tt ll.uion of iuch us, the !'\'fjlt'tH lw.trcr, ri-.e~ in the :\ liuk ltdorc 111iclnigltt. \'rnu~, "hitl1 ha' n"t lce11 lltl'tltioncJ, p:w.es lwhi11d tltt !'till 011 t\pril H , ).O all lllOIIlh it i\ lOll II(' crh in )ill(' \\ itl. tlt :1t lu,ly to hl: ln. Annular Edipse of Sun 'f he fir~t lclil'~e nf th e )'l:.ll ltCcur~ 1111 April 29, but only in tllC' IHlrth\\'c~lel n L'nitcd St.tlt:', \\c:,lt:t'll Call:td.l and .\l:t:.ka l\<1rth .\mcri.::tn ' he abk tn \ CI' it . T his i., ,111 cdip~c of th e 'un, w1t 10t.1l uur anuula r. .\!though th t tnti(.)JI p.t<;<,t~ hl'l\\'een th e C,lrtlt :tnd \1111, ih tJi,t.II1C.:C from u., is !>O great tktt it., :tpp.trc.:nt cli.tm CtC'r i'> nCJt enough to C.IIJ\C it to Cu\~.;, t ltc ~un complttf:l~ .. t!> it d"l~ in .1 tot.1l ~olar Instead, a ring of sunlight will remain 'i,i!Jie amund the:: d:trk lunar di,c. T n ~cf" th is cffe.:t, nne ''""lei ltav< to he lt,c:tted :dong a cun td arl':t in tlt e Arctic Ckc;~n north of Rth~ia. (),er p.n of ruropc.tn Ru~.,i:1, 11111" uf A~i.t and nonltwc~tcrll '!':nrrh Am~rk 1 tltlrc \\'ill be a partial cclip~<-. witl1 tltt: ntnon p:t-;,ing partly in front of the Mill. At Sc.tttlc, for c:-..nmplc. til<' cclip~t will start At 5:40 tlte ecltp~c "ill be at its m.lxi- mum, with 14/: of tltc sol.ar d i..t111Ctn covc:rcd, ~o it will not h..: .t 'cr y l:trgt cclip,e. \nchnrage, At ~ka, i t Ja,r, fr otn 2.01 p.tn. to 4:02 p.m., t\ h,J..:t :.t.l ncl.crd time, \\'ith the maximun1 :t .HlO p.m. when almo~t half of the \OI.cr cli:unc tcr will he CU\'crcd. Protection for Eyes People: who li"t: in tht<it: nrt:us, u f t:our:.t:, should not trr to look nc che eclipse wjch- <'U t adequatt: protection for the C)c.;. SmokcJ gins, or sc.,cr a l larcr-. 0f oH:r - CAUE.S VcHATICI ~ io'lti P'PNI/' [ :'ipJw7ii'\crr low in tl< ltvrthwcH ~ky :tftcr ""bl't, hl't\\'t'cll tlu: t:nnstctl.ttinn~ of 1\ndru- \ - c ... iH:t. \ ruul Rol:tnd will rl:u .. h i" !Jeri hdiu11 1111 .\pr il 1', \\hen it" ill h.: only 2CJ.7 milli<ll utile~ fnutl tiK Mill. AuiifA u~) Twn pl.ult'h Ul,idco; ~lcrcurr arc 1'hm' n. ll: 1glru.:'t i, Jupit.:r, \\ hich shine, high in tht .;uutlt in tit, cumtdl.ttim of \ "irgu, tht: 'ir).!ill. Jupiter I' lltJ\\' ,c, hrilli;tn!. :thuut 15 time-. :t. hrt)!lat ,,., :t typic.1l \tilr of the fir-a 111 t,l.,llitJult. tltl'l'l.' \\ill lw littlt: difli.:ulty in lu, .tting it. / ape.ld Polan; ullu / PEn~ (ffHfUS ScmNc:l' l':t:ws L1.'1 nIt fnr ,\larrh 23, /1)) CORV~ HY. AA ttl'(' out/, Procli)PMIHOR -* o SYMBOLS FOR STARS IN O RDER O F BI<IGHTNESS Suhtr.t,t unc hrour for CST, two hour ftor c:xposed ph otographic film should be used. Su n g lasses o r we lder's goggles arc not &ufficient protection. Mcn:ury, w hich :tpp~ars a t the middle I of April, h:1!> mean distance from the sun o f only 36,000,000 milt~, somewh:1t more t h .tn n third the e.lrth'& distJ ncc of 93,000,- (J()O miks. MST, otml thrrc for I'ST. I Science News letter, IAorch 2 3, 1957 A<; it swing~ around the l'un, it appe:~rs alternately to the west and en~r of that boch. t n the former else it rnme, :thcacl of tht" !.Un as thcr make their daily trip I awu nd the sl, )'. Then it rna~ ;1 ppea r just I bdCJrt" su nrh c, in the m orniug t\\ iligln. ' Whc11 C'.l~ t of the sun, :t~ it is in April, it re>!ll.tin~ above th e wc~tt.:rn hori%nn :l(ter the ~un h :ts set. 1-lcl\vcver, thi~ docs not alwe~ys bring it into our view. \ Vhen 'u<'h a n castent "clon~.ttion" occurs in the autumn, it is not nearly ao; f:l\'Orablt: I for cvcninR viewing as when it occurs in the ~pring. In April thi~ yc.1r condition-; arc almost :tt th d r best, St> take advant:l~c of your opportul!tly. E,c n when r..tercuq doe:> titUs come into Yil\\ . it never remains vi sihh: after twilight h,t( faded :-tnd it is nc,er seen very high in the sky, while the period O\'Cr w hich can be c:.tsilr ob~cned i-; not more tlw t :thout a week. T he great Poli,h astronomer Copernicus, who shuwed th.H the: pbnets re,olvc :~round I the :-un, is s:~id nc:\'cr to han: !leen 1\lcrC'ury. [ , Ci: !'It :111 elongation, the low-Oying mi~t\ u'u:tll\' oh~curtd it . Celestial Time Table for April !I :on a .m.